";s:4:"text";s:3159:" Topography is a key factor influencing montane forests of the Southwest. Dense forests are common in areas of moderate elevations. Climate‐based approach for modeling the distribution of montane forest vegetation in Taiwan Author: Lin, Huan‐Yu, Li, Ching‐Feng, Chen, Tze‐Ying, Hsieh, Chang‐Fu, Wang, Guangyu, Wang, Tongli, Hu, Jer‐Ming Source: Applied vegetation science 2020 v.23 no.2 pp. Springs have been suggested as possible hydrologic refugia from droughts and climate change; however, springs that depend on recent precipitation or snowmelt for recharge may be vulnerable to warming and drought intensification. For example, in the Sierra Nevada of California, the montane forest has dense stands of lodgepole pine and red fir, while the Sierra Nevada subalpine zone contains sparse stands of whitebark pine. These include various willows, mountain alder, and water birch with dark-colored bark. Repeated footsteps often destroy tundra plants, leaving exposed soil to blow away, and recovery may take hundreds of years.Alpine meadows form where sediments from the weathering of rocks has produced soils well-developed enough to support grasses and sedges. Effects of experimentally reduced snowpack and passive warming on montane meadow plant phenology and floral resources. http://fwspubs.org/doi/pdf/10.3996/062017-JFWM-050 For example, on Gunung Mulu in Sarawak, 171 bird species can be found on its lowland slopes. 2017. This variety of forests grows at a height of 1800 to 3000 m above sea level in areas where the mean annual rainfall is 150 cm to 300 cm, the mean annual temperature is about 11 °C to 14°C and the average relative humidity is over 80 per cent.Image Courtesy : thetrees.in/project_gallery/original/Mudumalai_forest_elephant.jpgThis is mainly found in the higher hills of Tamil Nadu and Kerala, in the Eastern Himalayan region to the east of 88°E longitude including the hills of West Bengal, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Nagaland.These are closed evergreen forests in which the trees are mostly short-boled and branchy attaining a large girth. The adaptations for survival of drying winds and cold may make tundra vegetation seem very hardy, but in some respects the tundra is very fragile. Gill, Jr. 2018. On extremely high altitudes, the plant community changes into grasslands or tundra. Montane Wet Temperate Forests: This variety of forests grows at a height of 1800 to 3000 m above sea level in areas where the mean annual rainfall is 150 cm to 300 cm, the mean annual temperature is about 11 °C to 14°C and the average relative humidity is over 80 per cent. Plain Language Summary Precipitation has direct and indirect effects on Hg accumulation and transformation on forest floor. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management, In Press.