Several cities with millions of inhabitants, including Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia; and Quito, Ecuador, are located within the hotspot and continue to expand as their populations grow.Threats to the hotspot include: population pressure; dams for irrigation; mining; overexploitation of species; hunting and illegal trade.For more information on this Hotspot, please visit How are the Tropical Andes Being Threatened? The Tropical Andes holds about 45,000 plant species, 20,000 of which are endemic, as well as 1,500 endemic vertebrates. Over 1,500 bird species, nearly 500 reptile species, and over 800 amphibian species call this region home. Because the Inter-Andean valleys are the most hospitable to people, they are also the most degraded parts of the hotspot, with less than 10 percent of their original habitat remaining.At the other end of the spectrum, some of the least degraded parts of the hotspot include isolated regions in Venezuela and Colombia, and the eastern slope of the Andes in Bolivia, Peru and parts of Ecuador. The tropical regions of the planet house an enormously diverse group of plants and animals. At present there are about 1000 species, of which about two thirds are considered as endemic to the region. The climate is known to change drastically over rather short distances, creating many distinctive microclimates. The region includes many types of cloud forests at many varying altitudes, including the montane cloud forests (yungas, ceja de selva, or ceja de la montaña) that cover nearly 200,000 square miles in Peru and Bolivia. These animals live in the forests of Southeast Asia, Central America, and South America. One of the more unique endemic plant species is the Andean bromeliad, which requires 100 years to reach its full maturity! The Tropical Andes is the most biologically diverse of all the hotspots and contains about one-sixth of all plant life on the planet, including 30,000 species of vascular plants. Tapir (Tapirus) is a group of pig-like forest animals that have round bodies, short necks, and trunk-like proboscis noses. Tapirs are varied in size, but the average … The largest fundamental threat to the preservation of the Tropical Andes and its species is the region’s growing population and subsequent increasing urbanization. The biotic factors of the rainforest are the living organisms, and the abiotic factors of the rainforest are the non-living organisms of the rainforest. At higher altitudes, grassland and scrubland systems reach all the way up to the snow line. One sixth of all plant species in the world reside in the Tropical Andes.
Largest variety of amphibians-- 664 species - 450 threatened. This valley, known as the Marañon Gap or Huancabamba Depression, rests at a lower altitude than the northern area of the Tropical Andes, creating a well-defined, unique microclimate conducive to habitation for the many endemic plants and animals in the region. Additionally, no greater plant diversity exists on earth than in the tropics. In addition to these main ecosystems, there are also patches of dry forests, woodlands, cactus stands, thornscrub, and matorral found in this hotspot. This biodiversity hotspot was named the “global epicenter of biodiversity” according to the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund.
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