On November 21, 1963, a model of Cedar 3 was paraded through Beirut’s streets to great applause. But while millions of words have been written about the two superpowers’ attempts to gain supremacy of the solar system, precious little has been said about a third, highly unlikely, competitor. Single-stage Rockets. They’d require space; somewhere away from people. “From 1964 until 1966 we were launching fairly sophisticated rockets – far superior to the ones After Manougian returned to Texas the country’s interest in rockets continued and in 1967 Lebanon launched Cedar 10. “Its appearance in the work of al-Rammah shows that the rocket was known in the Arab world by ... about 1280.” He adds that al-Rammah “clearly used ‘Chinese materials,’ i.e., terms and sources.” Thus, at the very least, the knowledge of gunpowder and rockets in the Eastern Mediterranean would argue for the exchange of scientific knowledge among the leading civilizations of the time. “This is really hard to pin down exactly,” says Winter.
“With the setting sun glistening on its red-coloured sides… the 350kg rocket climbed slowly from the launch pad into the southwestern sky – leaving a vapour trail across the Bay of Beirut.” Inspired by news that the Soviet Union had sent the first human, By now the team had begun designing its first three-stage rocket, capable of reaching the thermosphere, which begins at around 50 miles above the Earth’s surface.
From the nose cone, a recording of the Lebanese national anthem would be broadcast.
With no way of accessing propellent, he knew he’d have to wait until he got back to Lebanon to launch it. In November 1960, Professor Manoug Manougian and a group of students formed Haigazian College Rocket Society (HCRS). All rights reserved.This article appeared on page 18 of the print edition of Check the Public Affairs Digital Image Archive for In November 1960, Professor Manoug Manougian and a group of students formed Haigazian College Rocket Society (HCRS).
In early 1964, while Manougian was on a sabbatical from Haigazian, studying for a Master’s degree in Texas, one of his students experimented with some dangerous chemicals which exploded and set fire to the physics lab. In the last few decades, we have visited every planet in the solar system and discovered volcanoes on Io, geysers on Enceladus, lakes on Titan and river beds on Mars.”At Princeton University, Edgar Choueiri is director and chief scientist of the Electric Propulsion and Plasma Dynamics Laboratory. That first craft, called HCRS (for Haigazian College Rocket Society) and launched from the back of a rod stuck in the ground, climbed to 1,200 metres. After the success of the first HCRS rocket in April 1961, Manougian and his team altered the position of the fins and re-constructed the nose cone of the rocket to give it better thrust. “There were few research projects.” The young lecturer was asked to head up the student science club at Haigazian; he immediately set them the task of building a rocket. Hadjithomas and fellow Lebanese film-maker Khalil Joreige stumbled upon Manougian’s story in 2000.
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